aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstatshomepage
path: root/OpenSim/Framework/Util.cs
blob: 427832d2855e368e77c946a88d493dd9618fd494 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
/*
 * Copyright (c) Contributors, http://opensimulator.org/
 * See CONTRIBUTORS.TXT for a full list of copyright holders.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *     * Neither the name of the OpenSim Project nor the
 *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Compression;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Xml;
using OpenMetaverse;
using log4net;
using Nini.Config;
using Nwc.XmlRpc;

namespace OpenSim.Framework
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Miscellaneous utility functions
    /// </summary>
    public class Util
    {
        private static readonly ILog m_log = LogManager.GetLogger(MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType);

        private static uint nextXferID = 5000;
        private static Random randomClass = new Random();
        // Get a list of invalid file characters (OS dependent)
        private static string regexInvalidFileChars = "[" + new String(Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars()) + "]";
        private static string regexInvalidPathChars = "[" + new String(Path.GetInvalidPathChars()) + "]";
        private static object XferLock = new object();

        #region Vector Equations

        /// <summary>
        /// Get the distance between two 3d vectors
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a">A 3d vector</param>
        /// <param name="b">A 3d vector</param>
        /// <returns>The distance between the two vectors</returns>
        public static double GetDistanceTo(Vector3 a, Vector3 b)
        {
            float dx = a.X - b.X;
            float dy = a.Y - b.Y;
            float dz = a.Z - b.Z;
            return Math.Sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get the magnitude of a 3d vector
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a">A 3d vector</param>
        /// <returns>The magnitude of the vector</returns>
        public static double GetMagnitude(Vector3 a)
        {
            return Math.Sqrt((a.X * a.X) + (a.Y * a.Y) + (a.Z * a.Z));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get a normalized form of a 3d vector
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a">A 3d vector</param>
        /// <returns>A new vector which is normalized form of the vector</returns>
        /// <remarks>The vector paramater cannot be <0,0,0></remarks>
        public static Vector3 GetNormalizedVector(Vector3 a)
        {
            if (IsZeroVector(a))
                throw new ArgumentException("Vector paramater cannot be a zero vector.");

            float Mag = (float) GetMagnitude(a);
            return new Vector3(a.X / Mag, a.Y / Mag, a.Z / Mag);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns if a vector is a zero vector (has all zero components)
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool IsZeroVector(Vector3 v)
        {
            if (v.X == 0 && v.Y == 0 && v.Z == 0)
            {
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }

        # endregion

        public Util()
        {
        }

        public static Random RandomClass
        {
            get { return randomClass; }
        }

        public static ulong UIntsToLong(uint X, uint Y)
        {
            return Helpers.UIntsToLong(X, Y);
        }

        public static T Clamp<T>(T x, T min, T max)
            where T : System.IComparable<T>
        {
            return x.CompareTo(max) > 0 ? max :
                x.CompareTo(min) < 0 ? min :
                x;
        }

        public static uint GetNextXferID()
        {
            uint id = 0;
            lock (XferLock)
            {
                id = nextXferID;
                nextXferID++;
            }
            return id;
        }

        public static string GetFileName(string file)
        {
            // Return just the filename on UNIX platforms
            // TODO: this should be customisable with a prefix, but that's something to do later.
            if (Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Unix)
            {
                return file;
            }

            // Return %APPDATA%/OpenSim/file for 2K/XP/NT/2K3/VISTA
            // TODO: Switch this to System.Enviroment.SpecialFolders.ApplicationData
            if (Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Win32NT)
            {
                if (!Directory.Exists("%APPDATA%\\OpenSim\\"))
                {
                    Directory.CreateDirectory("%APPDATA%\\OpenSim");
                }

                return "%APPDATA%\\OpenSim\\" + file;
            }

            // Catch all - covers older windows versions
            // (but those probably wont work anyway)
            return file;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Debug utility function to convert unbroken strings of XML into something human readable for occasional debugging purposes.
        ///
        /// Please don't delete me even if I appear currently unused!
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="rawXml"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string GetFormattedXml(string rawXml)
        {
            XmlDocument xd = new XmlDocument();
            xd.LoadXml(rawXml);

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(sb);

            XmlTextWriter xtw = new XmlTextWriter(sw);
            xtw.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;

            try
            {
                xd.WriteTo(xtw);
            }
            finally
            {
                xtw.Close();
            }

            return sb.ToString();
        }

        public static bool IsEnvironmentSupported(ref string reason)
        {
            // Must have .NET 2.0 (Generics / libsl)
            if (Environment.Version.Major < 2)
            {
                reason = ".NET 1.0/1.1 lacks components that is used by OpenSim";
                return false;
            }

            // Windows 95/98/ME are unsupported
            if (Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Win32Windows &&
                Environment.OSVersion.Platform != PlatformID.Win32NT)
            {
                reason = "Windows 95/98/ME will not run OpenSim";
                return false;
            }

            // Windows 2000 / Pre-SP2 XP
            if (Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major == 5 &&
                Environment.OSVersion.Version.Minor == 0)
            {
                reason = "Please update to Windows XP Service Pack 2 or Server2003";
                return false;
            }

            return true;
        }

        public static int UnixTimeSinceEpoch()
        {
            return ToUnixTime(DateTime.UtcNow);
        }

        public static int ToUnixTime(DateTime stamp)
        {
            TimeSpan t = (stamp.ToUniversalTime() - Convert.ToDateTime("1/1/1970 8:00:00 AM"));
            return (int) t.TotalSeconds;
        }

        public static DateTime ToDateTime(ulong seconds)
        {
            DateTime epoch = Convert.ToDateTime("1/1/1970 8:00:00 AM");
            return epoch.AddSeconds(seconds);
        }

        public static DateTime ToDateTime(int seconds)
        {
            DateTime epoch = Convert.ToDateTime("1/1/1970 8:00:00 AM");
            return epoch.AddSeconds(seconds);
        }

        public static string Md5Hash(string pass)
        {
            MD5 md5 = MD5CryptoServiceProvider.Create();
            byte[] dataMd5 = md5.ComputeHash(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(pass));
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < dataMd5.Length; i++)
                sb.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", dataMd5[i]);
            return sb.ToString();
        }

        public static string GetRandomCapsPath()
        {
            UUID caps = UUID.Random();
            string capsPath = caps.ToString();
            capsPath = capsPath.Remove(capsPath.Length - 4, 4);
            return capsPath;
        }

        public static int fast_distance2d(int x, int y)
        {
            x = Math.Abs(x);
            y = Math.Abs(y);

            int min = Math.Min(x, y);

            return (x + y - (min >> 1) - (min >> 2) + (min >> 4));
        }

        public static string FieldToString(byte[] bytes)
        {
            return FieldToString(bytes, String.Empty);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Convert a variable length field (byte array) to a string, with a
        /// field name prepended to each line of the output
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>If the byte array has unprintable characters in it, a
        /// hex dump will be put in the string instead</remarks>
        /// <param name="bytes">The byte array to convert to a string</param>
        /// <param name="fieldName">A field name to prepend to each line of output</param>
        /// <returns>An ASCII string or a string containing a hex dump, minus
        /// the null terminator</returns>
        public static string FieldToString(byte[] bytes, string fieldName)
        {
            // Check for a common case
            if (bytes.Length == 0) return String.Empty;

            StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();
            bool printable = true;

            for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; ++i)
            {
                // Check if there are any unprintable characters in the array
                if ((bytes[i] < 0x20 || bytes[i] > 0x7E) && bytes[i] != 0x09
                    && bytes[i] != 0x0D && bytes[i] != 0x0A && bytes[i] != 0x00)
                {
                    printable = false;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (printable)
            {
                if (fieldName.Length > 0)
                {
                    output.Append(fieldName);
                    output.Append(": ");
                }

                output.Append(CleanString(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length - 1)));
            }
            else
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i += 16)
                {
                    if (i != 0)
                        output.Append(Environment.NewLine);
                    if (fieldName.Length > 0)
                    {
                        output.Append(fieldName);
                        output.Append(": ");
                    }

                    for (int j = 0; j < 16; j++)
                    {
                        if ((i + j) < bytes.Length)
                            output.Append(String.Format("{0:X2} ", bytes[i + j]));
                        else
                            output.Append("   ");
                    }

                    for (int j = 0; j < 16 && (i + j) < bytes.Length; j++)
                    {
                        if (bytes[i + j] >= 0x20 && bytes[i + j] < 0x7E)
                            output.Append((char) bytes[i + j]);
                        else
                            output.Append(".");
                    }
                }
            }

            return output.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Converts a URL to a IPAddress
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">URL Standard Format</param>
        /// <returns>A resolved IP Address</returns>
        public static IPAddress GetHostFromURL(string url)
        {
            return GetHostFromDNS(url.Split(new char[] {'/', ':'})[3]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a IP address from a specified DNS, favouring IPv4 addresses.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dnsAddress">DNS Hostname</param>
        /// <returns>An IP address, or null</returns>
        public static IPAddress GetHostFromDNS(string dnsAddress)
        {
            // Is it already a valid IP? No need to look it up.
            IPAddress ipa;
            if (IPAddress.TryParse(dnsAddress, out ipa))
                return ipa;

            IPAddress[] hosts = null;

            // Not an IP, lookup required
            try
            {
                hosts = Dns.GetHostEntry(dnsAddress).AddressList;
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                m_log.ErrorFormat("[UTIL]: An error occurred while resolving {0}, {1}", dnsAddress, e);

                // Still going to throw the exception on for now, since this was what was happening in the first place
                throw e;
            }

            foreach (IPAddress host in hosts)
            {
                if (host.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
                {
                    return host;
                }
            }

            if (hosts.Length > 0)
                return hosts[0];

            return null;
        }

        public static IPAddress GetLocalHost()
        {
            string dnsAddress = "localhost";

            IPAddress[] hosts = Dns.GetHostEntry(dnsAddress).AddressList;

            foreach (IPAddress host in hosts)
            {
                if (!IPAddress.IsLoopback(host) && host.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
                {
                    return host;
                }
            }

            if (hosts.Length > 0)
                return hosts[0];

            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Removes all invalid path chars (OS dependent)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">path</param>
        /// <returns>safe path</returns>
        public static string safePath(string path)
        {
            return Regex.Replace(path, @regexInvalidPathChars, string.Empty);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Removes all invalid filename chars (OS dependent)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">filename</param>
        /// <returns>safe filename</returns>
        public static string safeFileName(string filename)
        {
            return Regex.Replace(filename, @regexInvalidFileChars, string.Empty);
            ;
        }

        //
        // directory locations
        //

        public static string homeDir()
        {
            string temp;
            //            string personal=(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Personal));
            //            temp = Path.Combine(personal,".OpenSim");
            temp = ".";
            return temp;
        }

        public static string assetsDir()
        {
            return Path.Combine(configDir(), "assets");
        }

        public static string inventoryDir()
        {
            return Path.Combine(configDir(), "inventory");
        }

        public static string configDir()
        {
            return ".";
        }

        public static string dataDir()
        {
            return ".";
        }

        public static string logDir()
        {
            return ".";
        }

        // Nini (config) related Methods
        public static IConfigSource ConvertDataRowToXMLConfig(DataRow row, string fileName)
        {
            if (!File.Exists(fileName))
            {
                //create new file
            }
            XmlConfigSource config = new XmlConfigSource(fileName);
            AddDataRowToConfig(config, row);
            config.Save();

            return config;
        }

        public static void AddDataRowToConfig(IConfigSource config, DataRow row)
        {
            config.Configs.Add((string) row[0]);
            for (int i = 0; i < row.Table.Columns.Count; i++)
            {
                config.Configs[(string) row[0]].Set(row.Table.Columns[i].ColumnName, row[i]);
            }
        }

        public static float Clip(float x, float min, float max)
        {
            return Math.Min(Math.Max(x, min), max);
        }

        public static int Clip(int x, int min, int max)
        {
            return Math.Min(Math.Max(x, min), max);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Convert an UUID to a raw uuid string.  Right now this is a string without hyphens.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="UUID"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static String ToRawUuidString(UUID UUID)
        {
            return UUID.Guid.ToString("n");
        }

        public static string CleanString(string input)
        {
            if (input.Length == 0)
                return input;

            int clip = input.Length;

            // Test for ++ string terminator
            int pos = input.IndexOf("\0");
            if (pos != -1 && pos < clip)
                clip = pos;

            // Test for CR
            pos = input.IndexOf("\r");
            if (pos != -1 && pos < clip)
                clip = pos;

            // Test for LF
            pos = input.IndexOf("\n");
            if (pos != -1 && pos < clip)
                clip = pos;

            // Truncate string before first end-of-line character found
            return input.Substring(0, clip);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// returns the contents of /etc/issue on Unix Systems
        /// Use this for where it's absolutely necessary to implement platform specific stuff
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string ReadEtcIssue()
        {
            try
            {
                StreamReader sr = new StreamReader("/etc/issue.net");
                string issue = sr.ReadToEnd();
                sr.Close();
                return issue;
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                return "";
            }
        }

        public static void SerializeToFile(string filename, Object obj)
        {
            IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
            Stream stream = null;

            try
            {
                stream = new FileStream(
                    filename, FileMode.Create,
                    FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None);

                formatter.Serialize(stream, obj);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
                System.Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
            }
            finally
            {
                if (stream != null)
                {
                    stream.Close();
                }
            }
        }

        public static Object DeserializeFromFile(string filename)
        {
            IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
            Stream stream = null;
            Object ret = null;

            try
            {
                stream = new FileStream(
                    filename, FileMode.Open,
                    FileAccess.Read, FileShare.None);

                ret = formatter.Deserialize(stream);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
                System.Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
            }
            finally
            {
                if (stream != null)
                {
                    stream.Close();
                }
            }

            return ret;
        }

        public static string Compress(string text)
        {
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text);
            MemoryStream memory = new MemoryStream();
            using (GZipStream compressor = new GZipStream(memory, CompressionMode.Compress, true))
            {
                compressor.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            }

            memory.Position = 0;
            // MemoryStream outStream = new MemoryStream();

            byte[] compressed = new byte[memory.Length];
            memory.Read(compressed, 0, compressed.Length);

            byte[] compressedBuffer = new byte[compressed.Length + 4];
            System.Buffer.BlockCopy(compressed, 0, compressedBuffer, 4, compressed.Length);
            System.Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(buffer.Length), 0, compressedBuffer, 0, 4);
            return Convert.ToBase64String(compressedBuffer);
        }

        public static string Decompress(string compressedText)
        {
            byte[] compressedBuffer = Convert.FromBase64String(compressedText);
            using (MemoryStream memory = new MemoryStream())
            {
                int msgLength = BitConverter.ToInt32(compressedBuffer, 0);
                memory.Write(compressedBuffer, 4, compressedBuffer.Length - 4);

                byte[] buffer = new byte[msgLength];

                memory.Position = 0;
                using (GZipStream decompressor = new GZipStream(memory, CompressionMode.Decompress))
                {
                    decompressor.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
                }

                return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer);
            }
        }

        public static string[] ParseStartLocationRequest(string startLocationRequest)
        {
            string[] returnstring = new string[4];
            // format uri:RegionName&X&Y&Z
            returnstring[0] = "last";
            returnstring[1] = "127";
            returnstring[2] = "127";
            returnstring[3] = "0";
            // This is the crappy way of doing it.

            if (startLocationRequest.Contains(":") && startLocationRequest.Contains("&"))
            {
                //System.Console.WriteLine("StartLocationRequest Contains proper elements");

                string[] splitstr = startLocationRequest.Split(':'); //,2,StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);

                //System.Console.WriteLine("Found " + splitstr.GetLength(0) + " elements in 1st split result");

                if (splitstr.GetLength(0) == 2)
                {
                    string[] splitstr2 = splitstr[1].Split('&'); //, 4, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);

                    //System.Console.WriteLine("Found " + splitstr2.GetLength(0) + " elements in 2nd split result");

                    int len = Math.Min(splitstr2.GetLength(0), 4);

                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
                    {
                        if (len > i)
                        {
                            returnstring[i] = splitstr2[i];
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return returnstring;
        }

        public static XmlRpcResponse XmlRpcCommand(string url, string methodName, params object[] args)
        {
            return SendXmlRpcCommand(url, methodName, args);
        }

        public static XmlRpcResponse SendXmlRpcCommand(string url, string methodName, object[] args)
        {
            XmlRpcRequest client = new XmlRpcRequest(methodName, args);
            return client.Send(url, 6000);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Converts a byte array in big endian order into an ulong.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="bytes">
        /// The array of bytes
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The extracted ulong
        /// </returns>
        public static ulong BytesToUInt64Big(byte[] bytes) {
            if(bytes.Length < 8) return 0;
            return ((ulong)bytes[0] << 56) | ((ulong)bytes[1] << 48) | ((ulong)bytes[2] << 40) | ((ulong)bytes[3] << 32) |
                ((ulong)bytes[4] << 24) | ((ulong)bytes[5] << 16) | ((ulong)bytes[6] << 8) | (ulong)bytes[7];
        }
            
        // used for RemoteParcelRequest (for "About Landmark")
        public static UUID BuildFakeParcelID(ulong regionHandle, uint x, uint y) {
            byte[] bytes = {
                (byte)regionHandle, (byte)(regionHandle >> 8), (byte)(regionHandle >> 16), (byte)(regionHandle >> 24),
                (byte)(regionHandle >> 32), (byte)(regionHandle >> 40), (byte)(regionHandle >> 48), (byte)(regionHandle << 56),
                (byte)x, (byte)(x >> 8), (byte)(x >> 16), (byte)(x >> 24),
                (byte)y, (byte)(y >> 8), (byte)(y >> 16), (byte)(y >> 24) };
            return new UUID(bytes, 0);
        }

        public static void ParseFakeParcelID(UUID parcelID, out ulong regionHandle, out uint x, out uint y) {
            byte[] bytes = parcelID.GetBytes();
            regionHandle = Helpers.BytesToUInt64(bytes);
            x = Helpers.BytesToUInt(bytes, 8);
            y = Helpers.BytesToUInt(bytes, 12);
        }
    }
}