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1 | The Independent JPEG Group's JPEG software | ||
2 | ========================================== | ||
3 | |||
4 | README for release 8d of 15-Jan-2012 | ||
5 | ==================================== | ||
6 | |||
7 | This distribution contains the eighth public release of the Independent JPEG | ||
8 | Group's free JPEG software. You are welcome to redistribute this software and | ||
9 | to use it for any purpose, subject to the conditions under LEGAL ISSUES, below. | ||
10 | |||
11 | This software is the work of Tom Lane, Guido Vollbeding, Philip Gladstone, | ||
12 | Bill Allombert, Jim Boucher, Lee Crocker, Bob Friesenhahn, Ben Jackson, | ||
13 | Julian Minguillon, Luis Ortiz, George Phillips, Davide Rossi, Ge' Weijers, | ||
14 | and other members of the Independent JPEG Group. | ||
15 | |||
16 | IJG is not affiliated with the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 standards committee | ||
17 | (also known as JPEG, together with ITU-T SG16). | ||
18 | |||
19 | |||
20 | DOCUMENTATION ROADMAP | ||
21 | ===================== | ||
22 | |||
23 | This file contains the following sections: | ||
24 | |||
25 | OVERVIEW General description of JPEG and the IJG software. | ||
26 | LEGAL ISSUES Copyright, lack of warranty, terms of distribution. | ||
27 | REFERENCES Where to learn more about JPEG. | ||
28 | ARCHIVE LOCATIONS Where to find newer versions of this software. | ||
29 | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks. | ||
30 | FILE FORMAT WARS Software *not* to get. | ||
31 | TO DO Plans for future IJG releases. | ||
32 | |||
33 | Other documentation files in the distribution are: | ||
34 | |||
35 | User documentation: | ||
36 | install.txt How to configure and install the IJG software. | ||
37 | usage.txt Usage instructions for cjpeg, djpeg, jpegtran, | ||
38 | rdjpgcom, and wrjpgcom. | ||
39 | *.1 Unix-style man pages for programs (same info as usage.txt). | ||
40 | wizard.txt Advanced usage instructions for JPEG wizards only. | ||
41 | change.log Version-to-version change highlights. | ||
42 | Programmer and internal documentation: | ||
43 | libjpeg.txt How to use the JPEG library in your own programs. | ||
44 | example.c Sample code for calling the JPEG library. | ||
45 | structure.txt Overview of the JPEG library's internal structure. | ||
46 | filelist.txt Road map of IJG files. | ||
47 | coderules.txt Coding style rules --- please read if you contribute code. | ||
48 | |||
49 | Please read at least the files install.txt and usage.txt. Some information | ||
50 | can also be found in the JPEG FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article. See | ||
51 | ARCHIVE LOCATIONS below to find out where to obtain the FAQ article. | ||
52 | |||
53 | If you want to understand how the JPEG code works, we suggest reading one or | ||
54 | more of the REFERENCES, then looking at the documentation files (in roughly | ||
55 | the order listed) before diving into the code. | ||
56 | |||
57 | |||
58 | OVERVIEW | ||
59 | ======== | ||
60 | |||
61 | This package contains C software to implement JPEG image encoding, decoding, | ||
62 | and transcoding. JPEG (pronounced "jay-peg") is a standardized compression | ||
63 | method for full-color and gray-scale images. | ||
64 | |||
65 | This software implements JPEG baseline, extended-sequential, and progressive | ||
66 | compression processes. Provision is made for supporting all variants of these | ||
67 | processes, although some uncommon parameter settings aren't implemented yet. | ||
68 | We have made no provision for supporting the hierarchical or lossless | ||
69 | processes defined in the standard. | ||
70 | |||
71 | We provide a set of library routines for reading and writing JPEG image files, | ||
72 | plus two sample applications "cjpeg" and "djpeg", which use the library to | ||
73 | perform conversion between JPEG and some other popular image file formats. | ||
74 | The library is intended to be reused in other applications. | ||
75 | |||
76 | In order to support file conversion and viewing software, we have included | ||
77 | considerable functionality beyond the bare JPEG coding/decoding capability; | ||
78 | for example, the color quantization modules are not strictly part of JPEG | ||
79 | decoding, but they are essential for output to colormapped file formats or | ||
80 | colormapped displays. These extra functions can be compiled out of the | ||
81 | library if not required for a particular application. | ||
82 | |||
83 | We have also included "jpegtran", a utility for lossless transcoding between | ||
84 | different JPEG processes, and "rdjpgcom" and "wrjpgcom", two simple | ||
85 | applications for inserting and extracting textual comments in JFIF files. | ||
86 | |||
87 | The emphasis in designing this software has been on achieving portability and | ||
88 | flexibility, while also making it fast enough to be useful. In particular, | ||
89 | the software is not intended to be read as a tutorial on JPEG. (See the | ||
90 | REFERENCES section for introductory material.) Rather, it is intended to | ||
91 | be reliable, portable, industrial-strength code. We do not claim to have | ||
92 | achieved that goal in every aspect of the software, but we strive for it. | ||
93 | |||
94 | We welcome the use of this software as a component of commercial products. | ||
95 | No royalty is required, but we do ask for an acknowledgement in product | ||
96 | documentation, as described under LEGAL ISSUES. | ||
97 | |||
98 | |||
99 | LEGAL ISSUES | ||
100 | ============ | ||
101 | |||
102 | In plain English: | ||
103 | |||
104 | 1. We don't promise that this software works. (But if you find any bugs, | ||
105 | please let us know!) | ||
106 | 2. You can use this software for whatever you want. You don't have to pay us. | ||
107 | 3. You may not pretend that you wrote this software. If you use it in a | ||
108 | program, you must acknowledge somewhere in your documentation that | ||
109 | you've used the IJG code. | ||
110 | |||
111 | In legalese: | ||
112 | |||
113 | The authors make NO WARRANTY or representation, either express or implied, | ||
114 | with respect to this software, its quality, accuracy, merchantability, or | ||
115 | fitness for a particular purpose. This software is provided "AS IS", and you, | ||
116 | its user, assume the entire risk as to its quality and accuracy. | ||
117 | |||
118 | This software is copyright (C) 1991-2012, Thomas G. Lane, Guido Vollbeding. | ||
119 | All Rights Reserved except as specified below. | ||
120 | |||
121 | Permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, and distribute this | ||
122 | software (or portions thereof) for any purpose, without fee, subject to these | ||
123 | conditions: | ||
124 | (1) If any part of the source code for this software is distributed, then this | ||
125 | README file must be included, with this copyright and no-warranty notice | ||
126 | unaltered; and any additions, deletions, or changes to the original files | ||
127 | must be clearly indicated in accompanying documentation. | ||
128 | (2) If only executable code is distributed, then the accompanying | ||
129 | documentation must state that "this software is based in part on the work of | ||
130 | the Independent JPEG Group". | ||
131 | (3) Permission for use of this software is granted only if the user accepts | ||
132 | full responsibility for any undesirable consequences; the authors accept | ||
133 | NO LIABILITY for damages of any kind. | ||
134 | |||
135 | These conditions apply to any software derived from or based on the IJG code, | ||
136 | not just to the unmodified library. If you use our work, you ought to | ||
137 | acknowledge us. | ||
138 | |||
139 | Permission is NOT granted for the use of any IJG author's name or company name | ||
140 | in advertising or publicity relating to this software or products derived from | ||
141 | it. This software may be referred to only as "the Independent JPEG Group's | ||
142 | software". | ||
143 | |||
144 | We specifically permit and encourage the use of this software as the basis of | ||
145 | commercial products, provided that all warranty or liability claims are | ||
146 | assumed by the product vendor. | ||
147 | |||
148 | |||
149 | ansi2knr.c is included in this distribution by permission of L. Peter Deutsch, | ||
150 | sole proprietor of its copyright holder, Aladdin Enterprises of Menlo Park, CA. | ||
151 | ansi2knr.c is NOT covered by the above copyright and conditions, but instead | ||
152 | by the usual distribution terms of the Free Software Foundation; principally, | ||
153 | that you must include source code if you redistribute it. (See the file | ||
154 | ansi2knr.c for full details.) However, since ansi2knr.c is not needed as part | ||
155 | of any program generated from the IJG code, this does not limit you more than | ||
156 | the foregoing paragraphs do. | ||
157 | |||
158 | The Unix configuration script "configure" was produced with GNU Autoconf. | ||
159 | It is copyright by the Free Software Foundation but is freely distributable. | ||
160 | The same holds for its supporting scripts (config.guess, config.sub, | ||
161 | ltmain.sh). Another support script, install-sh, is copyright by X Consortium | ||
162 | but is also freely distributable. | ||
163 | |||
164 | The IJG distribution formerly included code to read and write GIF files. | ||
165 | To avoid entanglement with the Unisys LZW patent, GIF reading support has | ||
166 | been removed altogether, and the GIF writer has been simplified to produce | ||
167 | "uncompressed GIFs". This technique does not use the LZW algorithm; the | ||
168 | resulting GIF files are larger than usual, but are readable by all standard | ||
169 | GIF decoders. | ||
170 | |||
171 | We are required to state that | ||
172 | "The Graphics Interchange Format(c) is the Copyright property of | ||
173 | CompuServe Incorporated. GIF(sm) is a Service Mark property of | ||
174 | CompuServe Incorporated." | ||
175 | |||
176 | |||
177 | REFERENCES | ||
178 | ========== | ||
179 | |||
180 | We recommend reading one or more of these references before trying to | ||
181 | understand the innards of the JPEG software. | ||
182 | |||
183 | The best short technical introduction to the JPEG compression algorithm is | ||
184 | Wallace, Gregory K. "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard", | ||
185 | Communications of the ACM, April 1991 (vol. 34 no. 4), pp. 30-44. | ||
186 | (Adjacent articles in that issue discuss MPEG motion picture compression, | ||
187 | applications of JPEG, and related topics.) If you don't have the CACM issue | ||
188 | handy, a PostScript file containing a revised version of Wallace's article is | ||
189 | available at http://www.ijg.org/files/wallace.ps.gz. The file (actually | ||
190 | a preprint for an article that appeared in IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics) | ||
191 | omits the sample images that appeared in CACM, but it includes corrections | ||
192 | and some added material. Note: the Wallace article is copyright ACM and IEEE, | ||
193 | and it may not be used for commercial purposes. | ||
194 | |||
195 | A somewhat less technical, more leisurely introduction to JPEG can be found in | ||
196 | "The Data Compression Book" by Mark Nelson and Jean-loup Gailly, published by | ||
197 | M&T Books (New York), 2nd ed. 1996, ISBN 1-55851-434-1. This book provides | ||
198 | good explanations and example C code for a multitude of compression methods | ||
199 | including JPEG. It is an excellent source if you are comfortable reading C | ||
200 | code but don't know much about data compression in general. The book's JPEG | ||
201 | sample code is far from industrial-strength, but when you are ready to look | ||
202 | at a full implementation, you've got one here... | ||
203 | |||
204 | The best currently available description of JPEG is the textbook "JPEG Still | ||
205 | Image Data Compression Standard" by William B. Pennebaker and Joan L. | ||
206 | Mitchell, published by Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993, ISBN 0-442-01272-1. | ||
207 | Price US$59.95, 638 pp. The book includes the complete text of the ISO JPEG | ||
208 | standards (DIS 10918-1 and draft DIS 10918-2). | ||
209 | Although this is by far the most detailed and comprehensive exposition of | ||
210 | JPEG publicly available, we point out that it is still missing an explanation | ||
211 | of the most essential properties and algorithms of the underlying DCT | ||
212 | technology. | ||
213 | If you think that you know about DCT-based JPEG after reading this book, | ||
214 | then you are in delusion. The real fundamentals and corresponding potential | ||
215 | of DCT-based JPEG are not publicly known so far, and that is the reason for | ||
216 | all the mistaken developments taking place in the image coding domain. | ||
217 | |||
218 | The original JPEG standard is divided into two parts, Part 1 being the actual | ||
219 | specification, while Part 2 covers compliance testing methods. Part 1 is | ||
220 | titled "Digital Compression and Coding of Continuous-tone Still Images, | ||
221 | Part 1: Requirements and guidelines" and has document numbers ISO/IEC IS | ||
222 | 10918-1, ITU-T T.81. Part 2 is titled "Digital Compression and Coding of | ||
223 | Continuous-tone Still Images, Part 2: Compliance testing" and has document | ||
224 | numbers ISO/IEC IS 10918-2, ITU-T T.83. | ||
225 | IJG JPEG 8 introduces an implementation of the JPEG SmartScale extension | ||
226 | which is specified in two documents: A contributed document at ITU and ISO | ||
227 | with title "ITU-T JPEG-Plus Proposal for Extending ITU-T T.81 for Advanced | ||
228 | Image Coding", April 2006, Geneva, Switzerland. The latest version of this | ||
229 | document is Revision 3. And a contributed document ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 N | ||
230 | 5799 with title "Evolution of JPEG", June/July 2011, Berlin, Germany. | ||
231 | |||
232 | The JPEG standard does not specify all details of an interchangeable file | ||
233 | format. For the omitted details we follow the "JFIF" conventions, revision | ||
234 | 1.02. JFIF 1.02 has been adopted as an Ecma International Technical Report | ||
235 | and thus received a formal publication status. It is available as a free | ||
236 | download in PDF format from | ||
237 | http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/techreports/E-TR-098.htm. | ||
238 | A PostScript version of the JFIF document is available at | ||
239 | http://www.ijg.org/files/jfif.ps.gz. There is also a plain text version at | ||
240 | http://www.ijg.org/files/jfif.txt.gz, but it is missing the figures. | ||
241 | |||
242 | The TIFF 6.0 file format specification can be obtained by FTP from | ||
243 | ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/tiff/TIFF6.ps.gz. The JPEG incorporation scheme | ||
244 | found in the TIFF 6.0 spec of 3-June-92 has a number of serious problems. | ||
245 | IJG does not recommend use of the TIFF 6.0 design (TIFF Compression tag 6). | ||
246 | Instead, we recommend the JPEG design proposed by TIFF Technical Note #2 | ||
247 | (Compression tag 7). Copies of this Note can be obtained from | ||
248 | http://www.ijg.org/files/. It is expected that the next revision | ||
249 | of the TIFF spec will replace the 6.0 JPEG design with the Note's design. | ||
250 | Although IJG's own code does not support TIFF/JPEG, the free libtiff library | ||
251 | uses our library to implement TIFF/JPEG per the Note. | ||
252 | |||
253 | |||
254 | ARCHIVE LOCATIONS | ||
255 | ================= | ||
256 | |||
257 | The "official" archive site for this software is www.ijg.org. | ||
258 | The most recent released version can always be found there in | ||
259 | directory "files". This particular version will be archived as | ||
260 | http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v8d.tar.gz, and in Windows-compatible | ||
261 | "zip" archive format as http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsr8d.zip. | ||
262 | |||
263 | The JPEG FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) article is a source of some | ||
264 | general information about JPEG. | ||
265 | It is available on the World Wide Web at http://www.faqs.org/faqs/jpeg-faq/ | ||
266 | and other news.answers archive sites, including the official news.answers | ||
267 | archive at rtfm.mit.edu: ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/. | ||
268 | If you don't have Web or FTP access, send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu | ||
269 | with body | ||
270 | send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part1 | ||
271 | send usenet/news.answers/jpeg-faq/part2 | ||
272 | |||
273 | |||
274 | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | ||
275 | =============== | ||
276 | |||
277 | Thank to Juergen Bruder for providing me with a copy of the common DCT | ||
278 | algorithm article, only to find out that I had come to the same result | ||
279 | in a more direct and comprehensible way with a more generative approach. | ||
280 | |||
281 | Thank to Istvan Sebestyen and Joan L. Mitchell for inviting me to the | ||
282 | ITU JPEG (Study Group 16) meeting in Geneva, Switzerland. | ||
283 | |||
284 | Thank to Thomas Wiegand and Gary Sullivan for inviting me to the | ||
285 | Joint Video Team (MPEG & ITU) meeting in Geneva, Switzerland. | ||
286 | |||
287 | Thank to Thomas Richter and Daniel Lee for inviting me to the | ||
288 | ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 (also known as JPEG, together with ITU-T SG16) | ||
289 | meeting in Berlin, Germany. | ||
290 | |||
291 | Thank to John Korejwa and Massimo Ballerini for inviting me to | ||
292 | fruitful consultations in Boston, MA and Milan, Italy. | ||
293 | |||
294 | Thank to Hendrik Elstner, Roland Fassauer, Simone Zuck, Guenther | ||
295 | Maier-Gerber, Walter Stoeber, Fred Schmitz, and Norbert Braunagel | ||
296 | for corresponding business development. | ||
297 | |||
298 | Thank to Nico Zschach and Dirk Stelling of the technical support team | ||
299 | at the Digital Images company in Halle for providing me with extra | ||
300 | equipment for configuration tests. | ||
301 | |||
302 | Thank to Richard F. Lyon (then of Foveon Inc.) for fruitful | ||
303 | communication about JPEG configuration in Sigma Photo Pro software. | ||
304 | |||
305 | Thank to Andrew Finkenstadt for hosting the ijg.org site. | ||
306 | |||
307 | Last but not least special thank to Thomas G. Lane for the original | ||
308 | design and development of this singular software package. | ||
309 | |||
310 | |||
311 | FILE FORMAT WARS | ||
312 | ================ | ||
313 | |||
314 | The ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG1 standards committee (also known as JPEG, together | ||
315 | with ITU-T SG16) currently promotes different formats containing the name | ||
316 | "JPEG" which is misleading because these formats are incompatible with | ||
317 | original DCT-based JPEG and are based on faulty technologies. | ||
318 | IJG therefore does not and will not support such momentary mistakes | ||
319 | (see REFERENCES). | ||
320 | There exist also distributions under the name "OpenJPEG" promoting such | ||
321 | kind of formats which is misleading because they don't support original | ||
322 | JPEG images. | ||
323 | We have no sympathy for the promotion of inferior formats. Indeed, one of | ||
324 | the original reasons for developing this free software was to help force | ||
325 | convergence on common, interoperable format standards for JPEG files. | ||
326 | Don't use an incompatible file format! | ||
327 | (In any case, our decoder will remain capable of reading existing JPEG | ||
328 | image files indefinitely.) | ||
329 | |||
330 | Furthermore, the ISO committee pretends to be "responsible for the popular | ||
331 | JPEG" in their public reports which is not true because they don't respond to | ||
332 | actual requirements for the maintenance of the original JPEG specification. | ||
333 | |||
334 | There are currently distributions in circulation containing the name | ||
335 | "libjpeg" which claim to be a "derivative" or "fork" of the original | ||
336 | libjpeg, but don't have the features and are incompatible with formats | ||
337 | supported by actual IJG libjpeg distributions. Furthermore, they | ||
338 | violate the license conditions as described under LEGAL ISSUES above. | ||
339 | We have no sympathy for the release of misleading and illegal | ||
340 | distributions derived from obsolete code bases. | ||
341 | Don't use an obsolete code base! | ||
342 | |||
343 | |||
344 | TO DO | ||
345 | ===== | ||
346 | |||
347 | Version 8 is the first release of a new generation JPEG standard | ||
348 | to overcome the limitations of the original JPEG specification. | ||
349 | More features are being prepared for coming releases... | ||
350 | |||
351 | Please send bug reports, offers of help, etc. to jpeg-info@jpegclub.org. | ||