/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006, Clutch, Inc.
 * Original Author: Jeff Cesnik
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * - Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 
 *   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 *   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * - Neither the name of the openmetaverse.org nor the names 
 *   of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 *   this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" 
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE 
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE 
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using log4net;

namespace OpenMetaverse
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Base UDP server
    /// </summary>
    public abstract class OpenSimUDPBase
    {
        private static readonly ILog m_log = LogManager.GetLogger(System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType);

        /// <summary>
        /// This method is called when an incoming packet is received
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="buffer">Incoming packet buffer</param>
        protected abstract void PacketReceived(UDPPacketBuffer buffer);

        /// <summary>UDP port to bind to in server mode</summary>
        protected int m_udpPort;

        /// <summary>Local IP address to bind to in server mode</summary>
        protected IPAddress m_localBindAddress;

        /// <summary>
        /// Standard queue for our outgoing SyncBeginPrioritySend
        /// </summary>
        private List<UDPPacketBuffer> m_standardQueue = new List<UDPPacketBuffer>();

        /// <summary>
        /// Medium priority queue for our outgoing SyncBeginPrioritySend
        /// </summary>
        private List<UDPPacketBuffer> m_mediumPriorityQueue = new List<UDPPacketBuffer>();

        /// <summary>
        /// Prioritised queue for our outgoing SyncBeginPrioritySend
        /// </summary>
        private List<UDPPacketBuffer> m_priorityQueue = new List<UDPPacketBuffer>();

        /// <summary>UDP socket, used in either client or server mode</summary>
        private Socket m_udpSocket;

        /// <summary>Flag to process packets asynchronously or synchronously</summary>
        private bool m_asyncPacketHandling;

        /// <summary>Are we currently sending data asynchronously?</summary>
        private volatile bool m_sendingData = false;

        /// <summary>The all important shutdown flag</summary>
        private volatile bool m_shutdownFlag = true;

        /// <summary>Returns true if the server is currently listening, otherwise false</summary>
        public bool IsRunning { get { return !m_shutdownFlag; } }

        /// <summary>
        /// Default constructor
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="bindAddress">Local IP address to bind the server to</param>
        /// <param name="port">Port to listening for incoming UDP packets on</param>
        public OpenSimUDPBase(IPAddress bindAddress, int port)
        {
            m_localBindAddress = bindAddress;
            m_udpPort = port;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Start the UDP server
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="recvBufferSize">The size of the receive buffer for 
        /// the UDP socket. This value is passed up to the operating system 
        /// and used in the system networking stack. Use zero to leave this
        /// value as the default</param>
        /// <param name="asyncPacketHandling">Set this to true to start
        /// receiving more packets while current packet handler callbacks are
        /// still running. Setting this to false will complete each packet
        /// callback before the next packet is processed</param>
        /// <remarks>This method will attempt to set the SIO_UDP_CONNRESET flag
        /// on the socket to get newer versions of Windows to behave in a sane
        /// manner (not throwing an exception when the remote side resets the
        /// connection). This call is ignored on Mono where the flag is not
        /// necessary</remarks>
        public void Start(int recvBufferSize, bool asyncPacketHandling)
        {
            m_asyncPacketHandling = asyncPacketHandling;

            if (m_shutdownFlag)
            {
                const int SIO_UDP_CONNRESET = -1744830452;

                IPEndPoint ipep = new IPEndPoint(m_localBindAddress, m_udpPort);

                m_udpSocket = new Socket(
                    AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
                    SocketType.Dgram,
                    ProtocolType.Udp);

                try
                {
                    // This udp socket flag is not supported under mono, 
                    // so we'll catch the exception and continue
                    m_udpSocket.IOControl(SIO_UDP_CONNRESET, new byte[] { 0 }, null);
                    m_log.Debug("[UDPBASE]: SIO_UDP_CONNRESET flag set");
                }
                catch (SocketException)
                {
                    m_log.Debug("[UDPBASE]: SIO_UDP_CONNRESET flag not supported on this platform, ignoring");
                }

                if (recvBufferSize != 0)
                    m_udpSocket.ReceiveBufferSize = recvBufferSize;

                m_udpSocket.Bind(ipep);

                // we're not shutting down, we're starting up
                m_shutdownFlag = false;

                // kick off an async receive.  The Start() method will return, the
                // actual receives will occur asynchronously and will be caught in
                // AsyncEndRecieve().
                AsyncBeginReceive();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Stops the UDP server
        /// </summary>
        public void Stop()
        {
            if (!m_shutdownFlag)
            {
                // wait indefinitely for a writer lock.  Once this is called, the .NET runtime
                // will deny any more reader locks, in effect blocking all other send/receive
                // threads.  Once we have the lock, we set shutdownFlag to inform the other
                // threads that the socket is closed.
                m_shutdownFlag = true;
                m_udpSocket.Close();
            }
        }

        private void AsyncBeginReceive()
        {
            // allocate a packet buffer
            //WrappedObject<UDPPacketBuffer> wrappedBuffer = Pool.CheckOut();
            UDPPacketBuffer buf = new UDPPacketBuffer();

            if (!m_shutdownFlag)
            {
                try
                {
                    // kick off an async read
                    m_udpSocket.BeginReceiveFrom(
                        //wrappedBuffer.Instance.Data,
                        buf.Data,
                        0,
                        UDPPacketBuffer.BUFFER_SIZE,
                        SocketFlags.None,
                        ref buf.RemoteEndPoint,
                        AsyncEndReceive,
                        //wrappedBuffer);
                        buf);
                }
                catch (SocketException e)
                {
                    if (e.SocketErrorCode == SocketError.ConnectionReset)
                    {
                        m_log.Warn("[UDPBASE]: SIO_UDP_CONNRESET was ignored, attempting to salvage the UDP listener on port " + m_udpPort);
                        bool salvaged = false;
                        while (!salvaged)
                        {
                            try
                            {
                                m_udpSocket.BeginReceiveFrom(
                                    //wrappedBuffer.Instance.Data,
                                    buf.Data,
                                    0,
                                    UDPPacketBuffer.BUFFER_SIZE,
                                    SocketFlags.None,
                                    ref buf.RemoteEndPoint,
                                    AsyncEndReceive,
                                    //wrappedBuffer);
                                    buf);
                                salvaged = true;
                            }
                            catch (SocketException) { }
                            catch (ObjectDisposedException) { return; }
                        }

                        m_log.Warn("[UDPBASE]: Salvaged the UDP listener on port " + m_udpPort);
                    }
                }
                catch (ObjectDisposedException) { }
            }
        }

        private void AsyncEndReceive(IAsyncResult iar)
        {
            // Asynchronous receive operations will complete here through the call
            // to AsyncBeginReceive
            if (!m_shutdownFlag)
            {
                // Asynchronous mode will start another receive before the
                // callback for this packet is even fired. Very parallel :-)
                if (m_asyncPacketHandling)
                    AsyncBeginReceive();

                // get the buffer that was created in AsyncBeginReceive
                // this is the received data
                //WrappedObject<UDPPacketBuffer> wrappedBuffer = (WrappedObject<UDPPacketBuffer>)iar.AsyncState;
                //UDPPacketBuffer buffer = wrappedBuffer.Instance;
                UDPPacketBuffer buffer = (UDPPacketBuffer)iar.AsyncState;

                try
                {
                    // get the length of data actually read from the socket, store it with the
                    // buffer
                    buffer.DataLength = m_udpSocket.EndReceiveFrom(iar, ref buffer.RemoteEndPoint);

                    // call the abstract method PacketReceived(), passing the buffer that
                    // has just been filled from the socket read.
                    PacketReceived(buffer);
                }
                catch (SocketException) { }
                catch (ObjectDisposedException) { }
                finally
                {
                    //wrappedBuffer.Dispose();

                    // Synchronous mode waits until the packet callback completes
                    // before starting the receive to fetch another packet
                    if (!m_asyncPacketHandling)
                        AsyncBeginReceive();
                }

            }
        }

        public void SyncBeginPrioritySend(UDPPacketBuffer buf, int Priority)
        {
            if (!m_shutdownFlag)
            {
                if (!m_sendingData)
                {
                    m_sendingData = true;
                    try
                    {
                        AsyncBeginSend(buf);
                    }
                    catch (SocketException) { }
                    catch (ObjectDisposedException) { }
                }
                else
                {
                    if (Priority == 2)
                    {
                        lock (m_priorityQueue)
                        {
                            m_priorityQueue.Add(buf);
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (Priority != 0)
                        {
                            lock (m_mediumPriorityQueue)
                            {
                                m_mediumPriorityQueue.Add(buf);
                            }
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            lock (m_standardQueue)
                            {
                                m_standardQueue.Add(buf);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private void AsyncBeginSend(UDPPacketBuffer buf)
        {
            if (!m_shutdownFlag)
            {
                try
                {
                    m_udpSocket.BeginSendTo(
                        buf.Data,
                        0,
                        buf.DataLength,
                        SocketFlags.None,
                        buf.RemoteEndPoint,
                        AsyncEndSend,
                        buf);
                }
                catch (SocketException) { }
                catch (ObjectDisposedException) { }
            }
        }

        void AsyncEndSend(IAsyncResult result)
        {
            try
            {
                m_udpSocket.EndSendTo(result);

                if (m_sendingData)
                {
                    lock (m_priorityQueue)
                    {
                        if (m_priorityQueue.Count > 0)
                        {
                            UDPPacketBuffer buf = m_priorityQueue[0];
                            m_priorityQueue.RemoveAt(0);
                            AsyncBeginSend(buf);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            lock (m_mediumPriorityQueue)
                            {
                                if (m_mediumPriorityQueue.Count > 0)
                                {
                                    UDPPacketBuffer buf = m_mediumPriorityQueue[0];
                                    m_mediumPriorityQueue.RemoveAt(0);
                                    AsyncBeginSend(buf);
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    lock (m_standardQueue)
                                    {
                                        if (m_standardQueue.Count > 0)
                                        {
                                            UDPPacketBuffer buf = m_standardQueue[0];
                                            m_standardQueue.RemoveAt(0);
                                            AsyncBeginSend(buf);
                                        }
                                        else
                                        {
                                            m_sendingData = false;
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (SocketException) { }
            catch (ObjectDisposedException) { }
        }
    }
}