/*
 * Copyright (c) Contributors, http://opensimulator.org/
 * See CONTRIBUTORS.TXT for a full list of copyright holders.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *     * Neither the name of the OpenSim Project nor the
 *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Compression;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Xml;
using libsecondlife;
using log4net;
using Nini.Config;
using Nwc.XmlRpc;

namespace OpenSim.Framework
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Miscellaneous utility functions
    /// </summary>
    public class Util
    {
        private static readonly ILog m_log = LogManager.GetLogger(MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType);

        private static uint nextXferID = 5000;
        private static Random randomClass = new Random();
        // Get a list of invalid file characters (OS dependent)
        private static string regexInvalidFileChars = "[" + new String(Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars()) + "]";
        private static string regexInvalidPathChars = "[" + new String(Path.GetInvalidPathChars()) + "]";
        private static object XferLock = new object();

        #region Vector Equations

        /// <summary>
        /// Get the distance between two 3d vectors
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a">A 3d vector</param>
        /// <param name="b">A 3d vector</param>
        /// <returns>The distance between the two vectors</returns>
        public static double GetDistanceTo(LLVector3 a, LLVector3 b)
        {
            float dx = a.X - b.X;
            float dy = a.Y - b.Y;
            float dz = a.Z - b.Z;
            return Math.Sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get the magnitude of a 3d vector
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a">A 3d vector</param>
        /// <returns>The magnitude of the vector</returns>
        public static double GetMagnitude(LLVector3 a)
        {
            return Math.Sqrt((a.X * a.X) + (a.Y * a.Y) + (a.Z * a.Z));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get a normalized form of a 3d vector
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="a">A 3d vector</param>
        /// <returns>A new vector which is normalized form of the vector</returns>
        /// <remarks>The vector paramater cannot be <0,0,0></remarks>
        public static LLVector3 GetNormalizedVector(LLVector3 a)
        {
            if (IsZeroVector(a))
                throw new ArgumentException("Vector paramater cannot be a zero vector.");

            float Mag = (float) GetMagnitude(a);
            return new LLVector3(a.X / Mag, a.Y / Mag, a.Z / Mag);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns if a vector is a zero vector (has all zero components)
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool IsZeroVector(LLVector3 v)
        {
            if (v.X == 0 && v.Y == 0 && v.Z == 0)
            {
                return true;
            }

            return false;
        }

        # endregion

        public Util()
        {
        }

        public static Random RandomClass
        {
            get { return randomClass; }
        }

        public static ulong UIntsToLong(uint X, uint Y)
        {
            return Helpers.UIntsToLong(X, Y);
        }

        public static T Clamp<T>(T x, T min, T max)
            where T : System.IComparable<T>
        {
            return x.CompareTo(max) > 0 ? max :
                x.CompareTo(min) < 0 ? min :
                x;
        }

        public static uint GetNextXferID()
        {
            uint id = 0;
            lock (XferLock)
            {
                id = nextXferID;
                nextXferID++;
            }
            return id;
        }

        public static string GetFileName(string file)
        {
            // Return just the filename on UNIX platforms
            // TODO: this should be customisable with a prefix, but that's something to do later.
            if (Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Unix)
            {
                return file;
            }

            // Return %APPDATA%/OpenSim/file for 2K/XP/NT/2K3/VISTA
            // TODO: Switch this to System.Enviroment.SpecialFolders.ApplicationData
            if (Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Win32NT)
            {
                if (!Directory.Exists("%APPDATA%\\OpenSim\\"))
                {
                    Directory.CreateDirectory("%APPDATA%\\OpenSim");
                }

                return "%APPDATA%\\OpenSim\\" + file;
            }

            // Catch all - covers older windows versions
            // (but those probably wont work anyway)
            return file;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Debug utility function to convert unbroken strings of XML into something human readable for occasional debugging purposes.
        ///
        /// Please don't delete me even if I appear currently unused!
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="rawXml"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string GetFormattedXml(string rawXml)
        {
            XmlDocument xd = new XmlDocument();
            xd.LoadXml(rawXml);

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(sb);

            XmlTextWriter xtw = new XmlTextWriter(sw);
            xtw.Formatting = Formatting.Indented;

            try
            {
                xd.WriteTo(xtw);
            }
            finally
            {
                xtw.Close();
            }

            return sb.ToString();
        }

        public static bool IsEnvironmentSupported(ref string reason)
        {
            // Must have .NET 2.0 (Generics / libsl)
            if (Environment.Version.Major < 2)
            {
                reason = ".NET 1.0/1.1 lacks components that is used by OpenSim";
                return false;
            }

            // Windows 95/98/ME are unsupported
            if (Environment.OSVersion.Platform == PlatformID.Win32Windows &&
                Environment.OSVersion.Platform != PlatformID.Win32NT)
            {
                reason = "Windows 95/98/ME will not run OpenSim";
                return false;
            }

            // Windows 2000 / Pre-SP2 XP
            if (Environment.OSVersion.Version.Major == 5 &&
                Environment.OSVersion.Version.Minor == 0)
            {
                reason = "Please update to Windows XP Service Pack 2 or Server2003";
                return false;
            }

            return true;
        }

        public static int UnixTimeSinceEpoch()
        {
            return ToUnixTime(DateTime.UtcNow);
        }

        public static int ToUnixTime(DateTime stamp)
        {
            TimeSpan t = (stamp.ToUniversalTime() - Convert.ToDateTime("1/1/1970 8:00:00 AM"));
            return (int) t.TotalSeconds;
        }

        public static DateTime ToDateTime(ulong seconds)
        {
            DateTime epoch = Convert.ToDateTime("1/1/1970 8:00:00 AM");
            return epoch.AddSeconds(seconds);
        }

        public static DateTime ToDateTime(int seconds)
        {
            DateTime epoch = Convert.ToDateTime("1/1/1970 8:00:00 AM");
            return epoch.AddSeconds(seconds);
        }

        public static string Md5Hash(string pass)
        {
            MD5 md5 = MD5CryptoServiceProvider.Create();
            byte[] dataMd5 = md5.ComputeHash(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(pass));
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int i = 0; i < dataMd5.Length; i++)
                sb.AppendFormat("{0:x2}", dataMd5[i]);
            return sb.ToString();
        }

        public static string GetRandomCapsPath()
        {
            LLUUID caps = LLUUID.Random();
            string capsPath = caps.ToString();
            capsPath = capsPath.Remove(capsPath.Length - 4, 4);
            return capsPath;
        }

        public static int fast_distance2d(int x, int y)
        {
            x = Math.Abs(x);
            y = Math.Abs(y);

            int min = Math.Min(x, y);

            return (x + y - (min >> 1) - (min >> 2) + (min >> 4));
        }

        public static string FieldToString(byte[] bytes)
        {
            return FieldToString(bytes, String.Empty);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Convert a variable length field (byte array) to a string, with a
        /// field name prepended to each line of the output
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>If the byte array has unprintable characters in it, a
        /// hex dump will be put in the string instead</remarks>
        /// <param name="bytes">The byte array to convert to a string</param>
        /// <param name="fieldName">A field name to prepend to each line of output</param>
        /// <returns>An ASCII string or a string containing a hex dump, minus
        /// the null terminator</returns>
        public static string FieldToString(byte[] bytes, string fieldName)
        {
            // Check for a common case
            if (bytes.Length == 0) return String.Empty;

            StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();
            bool printable = true;

            for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; ++i)
            {
                // Check if there are any unprintable characters in the array
                if ((bytes[i] < 0x20 || bytes[i] > 0x7E) && bytes[i] != 0x09
                    && bytes[i] != 0x0D && bytes[i] != 0x0A && bytes[i] != 0x00)
                {
                    printable = false;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (printable)
            {
                if (fieldName.Length > 0)
                {
                    output.Append(fieldName);
                    output.Append(": ");
                }

                output.Append(CleanString(UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length - 1)));
            }
            else
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i += 16)
                {
                    if (i != 0)
                        output.Append(Environment.NewLine);
                    if (fieldName.Length > 0)
                    {
                        output.Append(fieldName);
                        output.Append(": ");
                    }

                    for (int j = 0; j < 16; j++)
                    {
                        if ((i + j) < bytes.Length)
                            output.Append(String.Format("{0:X2} ", bytes[i + j]));
                        else
                            output.Append("   ");
                    }

                    for (int j = 0; j < 16 && (i + j) < bytes.Length; j++)
                    {
                        if (bytes[i + j] >= 0x20 && bytes[i + j] < 0x7E)
                            output.Append((char) bytes[i + j]);
                        else
                            output.Append(".");
                    }
                }
            }

            return output.ToString();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Converts a URL to a IPAddress
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">URL Standard Format</param>
        /// <returns>A resolved IP Address</returns>
        public static IPAddress GetHostFromURL(string url)
        {
            return GetHostFromDNS(url.Split(new char[] {'/', ':'})[3]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a IP address from a specified DNS, favouring IPv4 addresses.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="dnsAddress">DNS Hostname</param>
        /// <returns>An IP address, or null</returns>
        public static IPAddress GetHostFromDNS(string dnsAddress)
        {
            // Is it already a valid IP? No need to look it up.
            IPAddress ipa;
            if (IPAddress.TryParse(dnsAddress, out ipa))
                return ipa;

            IPAddress[] hosts = null;

            // Not an IP, lookup required
            try
            {
                hosts = Dns.GetHostEntry(dnsAddress).AddressList;
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                m_log.ErrorFormat("[UTIL]: An error occurred while resolving {0}, {1}", dnsAddress, e);

                // Still going to throw the exception on for now, since this was what was happening in the first place
                throw e;
            }

            foreach (IPAddress host in hosts)
            {
                if (host.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
                {
                    return host;
                }
            }

            if (hosts.Length > 0)
                return hosts[0];

            return null;
        }

        public static IPAddress GetLocalHost()
        {
            string dnsAddress = "localhost";

            IPAddress[] hosts = Dns.GetHostEntry(dnsAddress).AddressList;

            foreach (IPAddress host in hosts)
            {
                if (!IPAddress.IsLoopback(host) && host.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
                {
                    return host;
                }
            }

            if (hosts.Length > 0)
                return hosts[0];

            return null;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Removes all invalid path chars (OS dependent)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">path</param>
        /// <returns>safe path</returns>
        public static string safePath(string path)
        {
            return Regex.Replace(path, @regexInvalidPathChars, string.Empty);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Removes all invalid filename chars (OS dependent)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path">filename</param>
        /// <returns>safe filename</returns>
        public static string safeFileName(string filename)
        {
            return Regex.Replace(filename, @regexInvalidFileChars, string.Empty);
            ;
        }

        //
        // directory locations
        //

        public static string homeDir()
        {
            string temp;
            //            string personal=(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.Personal));
            //            temp = Path.Combine(personal,".OpenSim");
            temp = ".";
            return temp;
        }

        public static string assetsDir()
        {
            return Path.Combine(configDir(), "assets");
        }

        public static string inventoryDir()
        {
            return Path.Combine(configDir(), "inventory");
        }

        public static string configDir()
        {
            return ".";
        }

        public static string dataDir()
        {
            return ".";
        }

        public static string logDir()
        {
            return ".";
        }

        // Nini (config) related Methods
        public static IConfigSource ConvertDataRowToXMLConfig(DataRow row, string fileName)
        {
            if (!File.Exists(fileName))
            {
                //create new file
            }
            XmlConfigSource config = new XmlConfigSource(fileName);
            AddDataRowToConfig(config, row);
            config.Save();

            return config;
        }

        public static void AddDataRowToConfig(IConfigSource config, DataRow row)
        {
            config.Configs.Add((string) row[0]);
            for (int i = 0; i < row.Table.Columns.Count; i++)
            {
                config.Configs[(string) row[0]].Set(row.Table.Columns[i].ColumnName, row[i]);
            }
        }

        public static float Clip(float x, float min, float max)
        {
            return Math.Min(Math.Max(x, min), max);
        }

        public static int Clip(int x, int min, int max)
        {
            return Math.Min(Math.Max(x, min), max);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Convert an LLUUID to a raw uuid string.  Right now this is a string without hyphens.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="lluuid"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static String ToRawUuidString(LLUUID lluuid)
        {
            return lluuid.UUID.ToString("n");
        }

        public static string CleanString(string input)
        {
            if (input.Length == 0)
                return input;

            int clip = input.Length;

            // Test for ++ string terminator
            int pos = input.IndexOf("\0");
            if (pos != -1 && pos < clip)
                clip = pos;

            // Test for CR
            pos = input.IndexOf("\r");
            if (pos != -1 && pos < clip)
                clip = pos;

            // Test for LF
            pos = input.IndexOf("\n");
            if (pos != -1 && pos < clip)
                clip = pos;

            // Truncate string before first end-of-line character found
            return input.Substring(0, clip);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// returns the contents of /etc/issue on Unix Systems
        /// Use this for where it's absolutely necessary to implement platform specific stuff
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string ReadEtcIssue()
        {
            try
            {
                StreamReader sr = new StreamReader("/etc/issue.net");
                string issue = sr.ReadToEnd();
                sr.Close();
                return issue;
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                return "";
            }
        }

        public static void SerializeToFile(string filename, Object obj)
        {
            IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
            Stream stream = null;

            try
            {
                stream = new FileStream(
                    filename, FileMode.Create,
                    FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None);

                formatter.Serialize(stream, obj);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
                System.Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
            }
            finally
            {
                if (stream != null)
                {
                    stream.Close();
                }
            }
        }

        public static Object DeserializeFromFile(string filename)
        {
            IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
            Stream stream = null;
            Object ret = null;

            try
            {
                stream = new FileStream(
                    filename, FileMode.Open,
                    FileAccess.Read, FileShare.None);

                ret = formatter.Deserialize(stream);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
                System.Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
            }
            finally
            {
                if (stream != null)
                {
                    stream.Close();
                }
            }

            return ret;
        }

        public static string Compress(string text)
        {
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text);
            MemoryStream memory = new MemoryStream();
            using (GZipStream compressor = new GZipStream(memory, CompressionMode.Compress, true))
            {
                compressor.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            }

            memory.Position = 0;
            // MemoryStream outStream = new MemoryStream();

            byte[] compressed = new byte[memory.Length];
            memory.Read(compressed, 0, compressed.Length);

            byte[] compressedBuffer = new byte[compressed.Length + 4];
            System.Buffer.BlockCopy(compressed, 0, compressedBuffer, 4, compressed.Length);
            System.Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes(buffer.Length), 0, compressedBuffer, 0, 4);
            return Convert.ToBase64String(compressedBuffer);
        }

        public static string Decompress(string compressedText)
        {
            byte[] compressedBuffer = Convert.FromBase64String(compressedText);
            using (MemoryStream memory = new MemoryStream())
            {
                int msgLength = BitConverter.ToInt32(compressedBuffer, 0);
                memory.Write(compressedBuffer, 4, compressedBuffer.Length - 4);

                byte[] buffer = new byte[msgLength];

                memory.Position = 0;
                using (GZipStream decompressor = new GZipStream(memory, CompressionMode.Decompress))
                {
                    decompressor.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
                }

                return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer);
            }
        }

        public static string[] ParseStartLocationRequest(string startLocationRequest)
        {
            string[] returnstring = new string[4];
            // format uri:RegionName&X&Y&Z
            returnstring[0] = "last";
            returnstring[1] = "127";
            returnstring[2] = "127";
            returnstring[3] = "0";
            // This is the crappy way of doing it.

            if (startLocationRequest.Contains(":") && startLocationRequest.Contains("&"))
            {
                //System.Console.WriteLine("StartLocationRequest Contains proper elements");

                string[] splitstr = startLocationRequest.Split(':'); //,2,StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);

                //System.Console.WriteLine("Found " + splitstr.GetLength(0) + " elements in 1st split result");

                if (splitstr.GetLength(0) == 2)
                {
                    string[] splitstr2 = splitstr[1].Split('&'); //, 4, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);

                    //System.Console.WriteLine("Found " + splitstr2.GetLength(0) + " elements in 2nd split result");

                    int len = Math.Min(splitstr2.GetLength(0), 4);

                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
                    {
                        if (len > i)
                        {
                            returnstring[i] = splitstr2[i];
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return returnstring;
        }

        public static XmlRpcResponse XmlRpcCommand(string url, string methodName, params object[] args)
        {
            return SendXmlRpcCommand(url, methodName, args);
        }

        public static XmlRpcResponse SendXmlRpcCommand(string url, string methodName, object[] args)
        {
            XmlRpcRequest client = new XmlRpcRequest(methodName, args);
            return client.Send(url, 6000);
        }

        // used for RemoteParcelRequest (for "About Landmark")
        public static LLUUID BuildFakeParcelID(ulong regionHandle, uint x, uint y) {
            byte[] bytes = {
                (byte)(regionHandle >> 56), (byte)(regionHandle >> 48), (byte)(regionHandle >> 40), (byte)(regionHandle >> 32),
                (byte)(regionHandle >> 24), (byte)(regionHandle >> 16), (byte)(regionHandle >> 8), (byte)regionHandle,
                (byte)(x >> 24), (byte)(x >> 16), (byte)(x >> 8), (byte)x,
                (byte)(y >> 24), (byte)(y >> 16), (byte)(y >> 8), (byte)y };
            return new LLUUID(bytes, 0);
        }

        public static void ParseFakeParcelID(LLUUID parcelID, out ulong regionHandle, out uint x, out uint y) {
            byte[] bytes = parcelID.GetBytes();
            regionHandle = Helpers.BytesToUInt64(bytes);
            x = Helpers.BytesToUInt(bytes, 8);
            // grrr. I'd like to use that code in the next line, but libsl has an off-by-one bug here and returns 0.
            //uint y = Helpers.BytesToUInt(bytes, 12);
            y = (uint)((bytes[12] << 24) | (bytes[13] << 16) | (bytes[14] << 8) | bytes[15]);
        }
    }
}