/*
 * Copyright (c) Contributors, http://opensimulator.org/
 * See CONTRIBUTORS.TXT for a full list of copyright holders.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *     * Neither the name of the OpenSimulator Project nor the
 *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Reflection;

using OpenSim.Framework;
using OpenSim.Framework.Client;
using log4net;

namespace OpenSim.Framework
{
    public class PriorityQueue
    {
        private static readonly ILog m_log = LogManager.GetLogger(MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType);

        public delegate bool UpdatePriorityHandler(ref uint priority, ISceneEntity entity);

        // Heap[0] for self updates
        // Heap[1..12] for entity updates

        public const uint NumberOfQueues = 12;
        public const uint ImmediateQueue = 0;

        private MinHeap<MinHeapItem>[] m_heaps = new MinHeap<MinHeapItem>[NumberOfQueues];
        private Dictionary<uint, LookupItem> m_lookupTable;
        private uint m_nextQueue = 0;
        private UInt64 m_nextRequest = 0;

        private object m_syncRoot = new object();
        public object SyncRoot {
            get { return this.m_syncRoot; }
        }

        public PriorityQueue() : this(MinHeap<MinHeapItem>.DEFAULT_CAPACITY) { }

        public PriorityQueue(int capacity)
        {
            m_lookupTable = new Dictionary<uint, LookupItem>(capacity);

            for (int i = 0; i < m_heaps.Length; ++i)
                m_heaps[i] = new MinHeap<MinHeapItem>(capacity);
        }

        public int Count
        {
            get
            {
                int count = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < m_heaps.Length; ++i)
                    count += m_heaps[i].Count;
                return count;
            }
        }

        public bool Enqueue(uint pqueue, IEntityUpdate value)
        {
            LookupItem lookup;

            uint localid = value.Entity.LocalId;
            UInt64 entry = m_nextRequest++;
            if (m_lookupTable.TryGetValue(localid, out lookup))
            {
                entry = lookup.Heap[lookup.Handle].EntryOrder;
                value.Update(lookup.Heap[lookup.Handle].Value);
                lookup.Heap.Remove(lookup.Handle);
            }

            pqueue = Util.Clamp<uint>(pqueue, 0, NumberOfQueues - 1);
            lookup.Heap = m_heaps[pqueue];
            lookup.Heap.Add(new MinHeapItem(pqueue, entry, value), ref lookup.Handle);
            m_lookupTable[localid] = lookup;

            return true;
        }

        public bool TryDequeue(out IEntityUpdate value, out Int32 timeinqueue)
        {
            // If there is anything in priority queue 0, return it first no
            // matter what else. Breaks fairness. But very useful.
            if (m_heaps[ImmediateQueue].Count > 0)
            {
                MinHeapItem item = m_heaps[ImmediateQueue].RemoveMin();
                m_lookupTable.Remove(item.Value.Entity.LocalId);
                timeinqueue = Util.EnvironmentTickCountSubtract(item.EntryTime);
                value = item.Value;

                return true;
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < NumberOfQueues; ++i)
            {
                // To get the fair queing, we cycle through each of the
                // queues when finding an element to dequeue, this code
                // assumes that the distribution of updates in the queues
                // is polynomial, probably quadractic (eg distance of PI * R^2)
                uint h = (uint)((m_nextQueue + i) % NumberOfQueues);
                if (m_heaps[h].Count > 0)
                {
                    m_nextQueue = (uint)((h + 1) % NumberOfQueues);

                    MinHeapItem item = m_heaps[h].RemoveMin();
                    m_lookupTable.Remove(item.Value.Entity.LocalId);
                    timeinqueue = Util.EnvironmentTickCountSubtract(item.EntryTime);
                    value = item.Value;

                    return true;
                }
            }

            timeinqueue = 0;
            value = default(IEntityUpdate);
            return false;
        }

        public void Reprioritize(UpdatePriorityHandler handler)
        {
            MinHeapItem item;
            foreach (LookupItem lookup in new List<LookupItem>(this.m_lookupTable.Values))
            {
                if (lookup.Heap.TryGetValue(lookup.Handle, out item))
                {
                    uint pqueue = item.PriorityQueue;
                    uint localid = item.Value.Entity.LocalId;

                    if (handler(ref pqueue, item.Value.Entity))
                    {
                        // unless the priority queue has changed, there is no need to modify
                        // the entry
                        pqueue = Util.Clamp<uint>(pqueue, 0, NumberOfQueues - 1);
                        if (pqueue != item.PriorityQueue)
                        {
                            lookup.Heap.Remove(lookup.Handle);

                            LookupItem litem = lookup;
                            litem.Heap = m_heaps[pqueue];
                            litem.Heap.Add(new MinHeapItem(pqueue, item), ref litem.Handle);
                            m_lookupTable[localid] = litem;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // m_log.WarnFormat("[PQUEUE]: UpdatePriorityHandler returned false for {0}",item.Value.Entity.UUID);
                        lookup.Heap.Remove(lookup.Handle);
                        this.m_lookupTable.Remove(localid);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// </summary>
        public override string ToString()
        {
            string s = "";
            for (int i = 0; i < NumberOfQueues; i++)
                s += String.Format("{0,7} ",m_heaps[i].Count);
            return s;
        }

#region MinHeapItem
        private struct MinHeapItem : IComparable<MinHeapItem>
        {
            private IEntityUpdate value;
            internal IEntityUpdate Value {
                get {
                    return this.value;
                }
            }

            private uint pqueue;
            internal uint PriorityQueue {
                get {
                    return this.pqueue;
                }
            }

            private Int32 entrytime;
            internal Int32 EntryTime {
                get {
                    return this.entrytime;
                }
            }

            private UInt64 entryorder;
            internal UInt64 EntryOrder
            {
                get {
                    return this.entryorder;
                }
            }

            internal MinHeapItem(uint pqueue, MinHeapItem other)
            {
                this.entrytime = other.entrytime;
                this.entryorder = other.entryorder;
                this.value = other.value;
                this.pqueue = pqueue;
            }

            internal MinHeapItem(uint pqueue, UInt64 entryorder, IEntityUpdate value)
            {
                this.entrytime = Util.EnvironmentTickCount();
                this.entryorder = entryorder;
                this.value = value;
                this.pqueue = pqueue;
            }

            public override string ToString()
            {
                return String.Format("[{0},{1},{2}]",pqueue,entryorder,value.Entity.LocalId);
            }

            public int CompareTo(MinHeapItem other)
            {
                // I'm assuming that the root part of an SOG is added to the update queue
                // before the component parts
                return Comparer<UInt64>.Default.Compare(this.EntryOrder, other.EntryOrder);
            }
        }
#endregion

#region LookupItem
        private struct LookupItem
        {
            internal MinHeap<MinHeapItem> Heap;
            internal IHandle Handle;
        }
#endregion
    }
}