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<html>
<head>
<title>Irrlicht Engine Tutorial</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="center">
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<td bgcolor="#666699" width="10"><b><a href="http://irrlicht.sourceforge.net" target="_blank"><img src="../../media/irrlichtlogo.jpg" width="88" height="31" border="0"></a></b></td>
<td bgcolor="#666699" width="100%">
<div align="center">
<div align="left"><b><font color="#FFFFFF">Tutorial 8. Special Effects</font></b></div>
</div>
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<tr bgcolor="#eeeeff">
<td height="90" colspan="2">
<div align="left">
<p>This tutorials describes how to do special effects. It shows how to
use stencil buffer shadows, the particle system, billboards, dynamic
light and the water surface scene node. </p>
<p>The program which is described here will look like this:</p>
<p align="center"><img src="../../media/008shot.jpg" width="259" height="204"><br>
</p>
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</table>
<br>
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="center">
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<td bgcolor="#666699"> <b><font color="#FFFFFF">Lets start!</font></b></td>
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<tr>
<td height="90" bgcolor="#eeeeff" valign="top"> <div align="left">
<div align="left">
<p>We start like in some tutorials before. Please note that this time,
the 'shadows' flag in createDevice() is set to true, for we want to
have a dynamic shadow casted from an animated character. If your this
example runs to slow, set it to false. The Irrlicht Engine checks
if your hardware doesn't support the stencil buffer, and disables
shadows by itself, but just in case the demo runs slow on your hardware.</p>
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
<tr>
<td> <pre><font color="#008000" size="2">#include <irrlicht.h>
#include <iostream><br>
</font><font size="2"><b>using namespace </b>irr;
<font color="#008000">#pragma comment(lib, "Irrlicht.lib")
</font><b>int </b>main()
{
// ask user for driver<br> video::E_DRIVER_TYPE driverType;<br>
printf("Please select the driver you want for this example:\n"\<br> " (a) Direct3D 9.0c\n (b) Direct3D 8.1\n (c) OpenGL 1.5\n"\<br> " (d) Software Renderer\n (e) Apfelbaum Software Renderer\n"\<br> " (f) NullDevice\n (otherKey) exit\n\n");<br><br> char i;<br> std::cin >> i;<br><br> switch(i)<br> {<br> case 'a': driverType = video::EDT_DIRECT3D9;break;<br> case 'b': driverType = video::EDT_DIRECT3D8;break;<br> case 'c': driverType = video::EDT_OPENGL; break;<br> case 'd': driverType = video::EDT_SOFTWARE; break;<br> case 'e': driverType = video::EDT_BURNINGSVIDEO;break;<br> case 'f': driverType = video::EDT_NULL; break;<br> default: return 1;<br> }
// create device and exit if creation failed<br> IrrlichtDevice *device = createDevice(driverType,
core::dimension2d<s32>(640, 480), 16, false, true);
if (device == 0)
return 1;
video::IVideoDriver* driver = device->getVideoDriver();
scene::ISceneManager* smgr = device->getSceneManager();<font face="Courier New">
</font></font></pre>
</td>
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</table>
<p> For our environment, we load a .3ds file. It is a small room I modelled
with Anim8or and exported it into the 3ds format because the Irrlicht
Engine did not support the .an8 format when I wrote this tutorial.
I am a very bad 3d graphic artist, and so the texture mapping is not
very nice in this model. Luckily I am a better programmer than artist,
and so the Irrlicht Engine is able to create a cool texture mapping
for me: Just use the mesh manipulator and create a planar texture
mapping for the mesh. If you want to see the mapping I made with Anim8or,
uncomment this line. I also did not figure out how to<br>
set the material right in Anim8or, it has a specular light color
which I don't really<br>
like. I'll switch it off too with this code.</p>
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
<tr>
<td> <pre><font size=2> scene::IAnimatedMesh* mesh = smgr->getMesh(
<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/room.3ds"</font>);
smgr->getMeshManipulator()->makePlanarTextureMapping(
mesh->getMesh(<font color="#800080">0</font>), <font color="#800080">0.008f</font>);
scene::ISceneNode* node = <font color="#800080">0</font>;
node = smgr->addAnimatedMeshSceneNode(mesh);
node->setMaterialTexture(<font color="#800080">0</font>, driver->getTexture(<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/wall.jpg"</font>));
node->getMaterial(0).SpecularColor.set(0,0,0,0);</font></pre></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> Now, for the first special effect: Animated water. It works like
this: The WaterSurfaceSceneNode takes a mesh as input and makes it
wave like a water surface. And if we let this scene node use a nice
material like the MT_REFLECTION_2_LAYER, it looks really cool. We
are doing this with the next few lines of code. As input mesh, we
create a hill plane mesh, without hills. But any other mesh could
be used for this, you could even use the room.3ds (which would look
really strange) if you wanted to. </p>
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
<tr>
<td> <pre> mesh = smgr->addHillPlaneMesh(<font color="#FF0000">"myHill"</font>,
core::dimension2d<f32>(<font color="#800080">20</font>,<font color="#800080">20</font>),
core::dimension2d<s32>(<font color="#800080">40</font>,<font color="#800080">40</font>), <font color="#800080">0</font>, <font color="#800080">0</font>,
core::dimension2d<f32>(<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>),
core::dimension2d<f32>(<font color="#800080">10</font>,<font color="#800080">10</font>));
node = smgr->addWaterSurfaceSceneNode(mesh->getMesh(<font color="#800080">0</font>), <font color="#800080">3.0f</font>, <font color="#800080">300.0f</font>, <font color="#800080">30.0f</font>);
node->setPosition(core::vector3df(<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">7</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>));
node->setMaterialTexture(<font color="#800080">0</font>, driver->getTexture(<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/stones.jpg"</font>));
node->setMaterialTexture(<font color="#800080">1</font>, driver->getTexture(<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/water.jpg"</font>));
node->setMaterialType(video::EMT_REFLECTION_2_LAYER<font size=3 face="Courier New">);
</font></pre></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> The second special effect is very basic, I bet you saw it already
in some Irrlicht Engine demos: A transparent billboard combined with
a dynamic light. We simply create a light scene node, let it fly around,
an to make it look more cool, we attach a billboard scene node to
it.</p>
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
<tr>
<td> <pre><font size=2> <font color="#0A246A"><i>// create light
</i></font> node = smgr->addLightSceneNode(<font color="#800080">0</font>, core::vector3df(<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>),
video::SColorf(<font color="#800080">1.0f</font>, <font color="#800080">0.6f</font>, <font color="#800080">0.7f</font>, <font color="#800080">1.0f</font>), <font color="#800080">600.0f</font>);
scene::ISceneNodeAnimator* anim = <font color="#800080">0</font>;
anim = smgr->createFlyCircleAnimator (core::vector3df(<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">150</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>),<font color="#800080">250.0f</font>);
node->addAnimator(anim);
anim->drop();
<font color="#0A246A"><i>// attach billboard to light
</i></font> node = smgr->addBillboardSceneNode(node, core::dimension2d<f32>(<font color="#800080">50</font>, <font color="#800080">50</font>));
node->setMaterialFlag(video::EMF_LIGHTING, <b>false</b>);
node->setMaterialType(video::EMT_TRANSPARENT_ADD_COLOR);
node->setMaterialTexture(<font color="#800080">0</font>, driver->getTexture(<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/particlewhite.bmp"</font>));
</font></pre></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> The next special effect is a lot more interesting: A particle system.
The particle system in the Irrlicht Engine is quit modular and extensible
and yet easy to use. There is a particle system scene node into which
you can put particle emitters, which make particles come out of nothing.
These emitters are quite flexible and usually have lots of parameters
like direction, amount and color of the particles they should create.<br>
There are different emitters, for example a point emitter which lets
particles pop out at a fixed point. If the particle emitters available
in the engine are not enough for you, you can easily create your own
ones, you'll simply have to create a class derived from the IParticleEmitter
interface and attach it to the particle system using setEmitter().<br>
In this example we create a box particle emitter, which creates particles
randomly inside a box. The parameters define the box, direction of
the particles, minimal and maximal new particles per second, color
and minimal and maximal livetime of the particles.</p>
<p> Because only with emitters particle system would be a little bit
boring, there are particle affectors, which modify particles during
they fly around. They can be added to the particle system, simulating
additional effects like gravity or wind. The particle affector we
use in this example is an affector, which modifies the color of the
particles: It lets them fade out. Like the particle emitters, additional
particle affectors can also be implemented by you, simply derive a
class from IParticleAffector and add it with addAffector(). After
we set a nice material to the particle system, we have a cool looking
camp fire. By adjusting material, texture, particle emitter and affector
parameters, it is also easily possible to create smoke, rain, explosions,
snow, and so on.<br>
</p>
</div>
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
<tr>
<td> <pre><font size="2"> scene::IParticleSystemSceneNode* ps = <font color="#800080">0</font>;
ps = smgr->addParticleSystemSceneNode(<b>false</b>);
ps->setPosition(core::vector3df(-<font color="#800080">70</font>,<font color="#800080">60</font>,<font color="#800080">40</font>));
ps->setScale(core::vector3df(<font color="#800080">2</font>,<font color="#800080">2</font>,<font color="#800080">2</font>));
ps->setParticleSize(core::dimension2d<f32>(<font color="#800080">20.0f</font>, <font color="#800080">10.0f</font>));
scene::IParticleEmitter* em = ps->createBoxEmitter(
core::aabbox3d<f32>(-<font color="#800080">7</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>,-<font color="#800080">7</font>,<font color="#800080">7</font>,<font color="#800080">1</font>,<font color="#800080">7</font>),
core::vector3df(<font color="#800080">0.0f</font>,<font color="#800080">0.03f</font>,<font color="#800080">0.0f</font>),
<font color="#800080">80</font>,<font color="#800080">100</font>,
video::SColor(<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">255</font>,<font color="#800080">255</font>,<font color="#800080">255</font>), video::SColor(<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">255</font>,<font color="#800080">255</font>,<font color="#800080">255</font>),
<font color="#800080">800</font>,<font color="#800080">2000</font>);
ps->setEmitter(em);
em->drop();
scene::IParticleAffector* paf =
ps->createFadeOutParticleAffector();
ps->addAffector(paf);
paf->drop();
ps->setMaterialFlag(video::EMF_LIGHTING, <b>false</b>);
ps->setMaterialTexture(<font color="#800080">0</font>, driver->getTexture(<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/particle.bmp"</font>));
ps->setMaterialType(video::EMT_TRANSPARENT_VERTEX_ALPHA)<font size="2">;</font></font></pre></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> As our last special effect, we want a dynamic shadow be casted from
an animated character. For this we load a DirectX .x model and place
it into our world. For creating the shadow, we simply need to call addShadowVolumeSceneNode().
The color of shadows is only adjustable globally for all shadows, by
calling ISceneManager::setShadowColor(). Voila, here is our dynamic
shadow.<br>
Because the character is a little bit too small for this scene, we make
it bigger using setScale(). And because the character is lighted by
a dynamic light, we need to normalize the normals to make the lighting
on it correct. This is always necessary if the scale of a dynamic lighted
model is not (1,1,1). Otherwise it would get too dark or too bright
because the normals will be scaled too.</p>
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
<tr>
<td><pre><font size=2> mesh = smgr->getMesh(<font color="#FF0000">"../../media/dwarf.x"</font>);
scene::IAnimatedMeshSceneNode* anode = <font color="#800080">0</font>;
anode = smgr->addAnimatedMeshSceneNode(mesh);
anode->setPosition(core::vector3df(-<font color="#800080">50</font>,<font color="#800080">20</font>,-<font color="#800080">60</font>));
anode->setAnimationSpeed(15);
<font color="#0A246A">
// add shadow</font>
anode->addShadowVolumeSceneNode();
smgr->setShadowColor(video::SColor(<font color="#800080">220</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>,<font color="#800080">0</font>));
</font><font size=2><font color="#0A246A">
// make the model a little bit bigger and normalize its normals <br> // because of this for correct lighting</font><br> anode->setScale(core::vector3df(2,2,2));<br> anode->setMaterialFlag(video::EMF_NORMALIZE_NORMALS, true);</font><font size=3 face="Courier New"><br></font></pre></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p> Finally we simply have to draw everything, that's all.</p>
<table width="95%" border="0" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center">
<tr>
<td><pre><font size=2> scene::ICameraSceneNode* camera = smgr->addCameraSceneNodeFPS();
camera->setPosition(core::vector3df(-<font color="#800080">50</font>,<font color="#800080">50</font>,-<font color="#800080">150</font>));
<b>int </b>lastFPS = -<font color="#800080">1</font>;
<b>while</b>(device->run())
{
driver->beginScene(<b>true</b>, <b>true</b>, <font color="#800080">0</font>);
smgr->drawAll();
driver->endScene();
<b>int </b>fps = driver->getFPS();
<b>if </b>(lastFPS != fps)
{
core::stringw str = L"Irrlicht Engine - SpecialFX example [";<br> str += driver->getName();<br> str += "] FPS:";<br> str += fps;<br><br> device->setWindowCaption(str.c_str());<br> lastFPS = fps;<br> }
}
device->drop();
<b>return </b><font color="#800080">0</font>;
}
</font>
</pre></td>
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</table>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
</div>
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</table>
<p> </p>
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